Restriction coefficient is the regression line obtained after plotting the MTAC values and free diffusion coefficients of various solutes. The PowerPoint PPT presentation: "Nutrition in dialysis patients" is the property of its rightful owner. Principles of Dialysis: Diffusion, Convection, and Dialysis Machines C hronic renal failure is the final common pathway of a number of kidney diseases. Convective transport is a direct result of the fluid movement in(UF) and out(Absorption) of the peritoneal space. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. Factors Influencing Solute Diffusion • Surface Area • Peritoneal Permeability • Solute Characteristics • Concentration Gradient • Temperature of Dialysis Solution • Blood Flow The textbook of peritoneal dialysis. Data Source: Special analyses, Presentation Summary : of prevalent hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients meeting clinical care guidelines for dialysis adequacy, by modality. Peritoneum covers abdominal cavity,,semi permeable membrane.,,.highly vascular,,,BSA1.5-2 m2.two layers parietal &visceral...pariet-attached to abdo wall,,,viscer is wrapped arund internal organs,,,space b/w these layers –peritoneal cavity,,large no. Absorption takes place through the lymphatics(diaphragmmatic) and abdominal. Of these, 5.2% were on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and 4% on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD). Renal Replacement Therapy: Hemodialysis vs Peritoneal Dialysis, Animation Renal Replacement Therapy: Hemodialysis vs Peritoneal Dialysis, Animation by Alila Medical Media 11 months ago 3 minutes, 38 seconds 103,993 views (USMLE topics) Principles of , hemodialysis , and peritoneal , dialysis , , pros and cons. Next Article Improving Cycler Prescriptions in Peritoneal Dialysis Through Informatic Profiling. Maximum diffusion occurs when fresh dialysis fluid If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Until recently, the prevalent rate of PD patients in the United States was declining, reaching a low of 6.9% in 2009. Ultrasmall pores are responsible for 50% of the ultrafiltration and sieving. Peritoneal dialysis is a relatively simple procedure and is carried out by patients in their own homes. CON,AIIMS. DIALYSIS Hannah K. Inyama 03/08/2008 Objectives By the end of the session, the learner should be able to: Define dialysis PRINCIPLES OF PERITONEAL DIALYSIS . Peritoneal dialysis is done more continuously than hemodialysis, resulting in less accumulation of potassium, sodium and fluid. K - dialyzer clearance of urea t - dialysis time V - volume of distribution of urea, approximately equal to patient's total body water Kt/V target is ≥ 1.3, so that one can be sure that the delivered dose is at least 1.2. A teacher, he is married with teenage children and generally leads a busy life. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. Madam Manju Singh Yogesh Kumar Tiwari Andrew Davenport, in Kidney Transplantation - Principles and Practice (Eighth Edition), 2019. Dialysis - Free ebook download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. AT THE END OF the millennium, there were 275,053 dialysis patients in the United States. Consequently, since the original Core Curriculum … Georg Haas (1924): first human HD. Peritoneal dialysis has better outcomes than hemodialysis during the first couple of years. AT THE END OF the millennium, there were 275,053 dialysis patients in the United States. Kidney failure is stage five of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Acid base and control for the dialysis technician. DIALYSIS. PPTX HEMODIALYSIS PRESENTATION CRISTINAL JEYAPAUL Description • Hemodialysis –means, seperating from the blood.Hemodialysis A CLASS PRESENTATION ON PERITONEAL DIALYSIS. Comfort Care. Thomas Graham, a London chemist, reported the principles of the semipermeable membrane in 1861 and gave the process of selective diffusion the name dialysis.Then, in 1913, Abel, Rowntree, and Turner devised an apparatus for the dialysis of blood, using a number of collodion tubes, through which flowed blood while a saline solution bathed the outsides of the tubes … Each peritoneal dialysis exchange has three phases: 1. Dialysate is placed in the peritoneal cavity, left in place for 3 to 4 hours then drained out, and the cycle restarts. 2- Transplantation, which has been clearly shown to be the best treatment option. There are essentially three options to a patient facing ESRD: 1- Dialysis. 2. Principles of Peritoneal Dialysis P eritoneal dialysis is a technique whereby infusion of dialysis solu-tion into the peritoneal cavity is followed by a variable dwell time and subsequent drainage. Consistent with the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence, dialysis should only be provided when it is clinically appropriate. Peritoneal Dialysis : principles and physiology The Peritoneal Membrane Source: Gambro . Health care providers call this lining the peritoneum. K - dialyzer clearance of urea t - dialysis time V - volume of distribution of urea, approximately equal to patient's total body water Kt/V target is ≥ 1.3, so that one can be sure that the delivered … Healthy kidneys clean wastes from blood and remove extra fluid from the body. A thin membrane, called the peritoneum, lines the walls of the peritoneal cavity and covers all the organs contained in it. 4-1 A). The 2 most common types of PD are continuous cycler-assisted peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). View dialysis ppt.pptx from NURSING 101 at Harvard University. Net effect is to counteract fluid and solute removal as there is no sieving effect. Influence of exchange volume & dialysate flow rate on solute clearance in peritoneal. Peritoneal dialysis A sterile solution containing glucose (called dialysate) is run through a tube into the peritoneal cavity, the abdominal body cavity around the intestine The dialysate is drained, discarded, and replaced with fresh dialysate. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a treatment for people who have kidney failure. The number of incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients using automated forms of PD, now estimated to be over 40%, has been increasing. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the major established form of renal replacement therapy that is performed primarily at home. The rate of removal is only 1-2mL/min and is influenced by the intraabdominal hydrostatic pressure. Intermittent peritoneal dialysis(IPD) • Intermittent peritoneal dialysis is offered to patients on a temporary basis when their blood pressure is low or in children with acute renal failure to tide over a crisis. The dialysis access is places in your belly and the peritoneal membrane of your body is used to filter the blood. Section 1: Principles of Hemodialysis. A few weeks before you start peritoneal dialysis , a surgeon places a soft tube, called a catheter, in your belly. People who use peritoneal dialysis might retain kidney function slightly longer than people who use hemodialysis. Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Dialysis solution volume in 24 hours and utilizing the full 24 hours for dwell time are the two ways to improve the efficiency of peritoneal dialysis. The incidence of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients has decreased as a result of improvements in PD technology. Home; Sitemap; Contact; DMCA; The Semantic Web Research And Applications 7th European Semantic Web Conference Esw 2010 Heraklion Crete Greece May 30 June 3 2010 Proceedings Part Ii Lecture Notes In Computer Science|View Suzuki Gs850 Workshop Manual|View Wanting Mor By Rukhsana Khan May 1 2009|View Cancer Risk Assessment Chemical Carcinogenesis Hazard … Graham Law=rate of diffusion of gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Clinical Pharmacist 20 MAR 2015 By Alan Green. Peritoneal dialysis A sterile solution containing glucose (called dialysate) is run through a tube into the peritoneal cavity, the abdominal body cavity around the intestine The dialysate is drained, discarded, and replaced with fresh dialysate. principles of dialysis dr saad alshohaib associate professor in medicine and nephrology kauh – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - … On the other hand, peritoneal dialysis is a continuous treatment, performed daily over several hours of the day, either manually or using a machine called a cycler. MODERATOR : PRESENTOR: PERITONEAL DIALYSIS Presentation and modalities Shiva Seyrafian MD Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Background Worldwide, 12% of dialysis patients are ... – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 3ae3c6-NzI3M Principles of Hemodialysis . Principles of Peritoneal Dialysis P eritoneal dialysis is a technique whereby infusion of dialysis solu-tion into the peritoneal cavity is followed by a variable dwell time and subsequent drainage. Peritoneal dialysis is a treatment for kidney failure that uses the lining of your abdomen, or belly, to filter your blood inside your body. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. A 50-year-old man developed end-stage renal disease (ESRD) secondary to IgA nephropathy. It takes approximately 10 minutes for 2000 ml to enter the cavity. DIALYSIS - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt / .pptx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. Alan Green is an academic pharmacist practitioner at the University of Sunderland and Gateshead NHS Foundation Trust, and a member of the UK Renal Pharmacy Group. Basic principles of hemodialysis Hemodialysis, which means cleaning the blood, is a treatment for people whose kidneys have failed. Kt/V is a number used to quantify hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis treatment adequacy. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Numerous drugs are effectively removed by hemodialysis or at a slower rate by peritoneal dialysis, which occasionally allows considerable influx. Infusion Dialysis fluid flows into the peritoneal cavity by gravity or with the help of a machine. Then, in 1913, Abel, Rowntree, and Turner devised an apparatus for the dialysis of blood, using a number of collodion tubes, through which flowed… 4-1 A). We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. dialysis Kidney Int14(5) 486-90. This work enabled scientists to develop a quantitative description of the dialysis process and allowed the development of dialyzers with clearly defined characteristics. Generally dialysis in an in-centre or satellite setting is performed three times per week for … This is usually only inserted once the decision to start dialysis is made. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) involves the instillation of dialysate into the peritoneal cavity via a permanent peritoneal catheter. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. Egyptians and Galen(Greek) described the existance of peritoneum as early as 3000BC. With PD..bcz it occurs in a slower rate... 1)Fibrotic encasement of the small intestine,,some toxins stimulate fibro blastic proliferation&reactive fibrosis 2)fibrous bands dt form b/w tissues &organs3)grp.of inflammatory condi.. Of small intes &colon 4)excess breakdown of specific substance or body tissue leads to wt.loss&wasting, To increase urea clearance.. Dry heat-heating cabinet,incubator,heating pad, Introduce bacteria to the exterior of bag and increase chance of peritonitis....increase the danger of burning peritoneum...to reduce amnt of air entering the catheter and peritoneal cavity, defined as the infusion, dwell and drainage of the dialysate....clearance-proces of removal of substances from blood, Creat clara >70/L/wk/1.73 m2....urea clear >2.1/wk creat molecular wt.113Da urea mole wt, 60 Da, 1. Seiving coefficient is the representation of the solvent drag and is equal to the “solute clearance/net volume flow”. • It is performed for a short period of 12-24 hours,2-3 times weekly. Nevertheless, peritonitis remains a major problem in PD, with a substantial percent of patients developing persistent or relapsing infections. You can change your ad preferences anytime. The process is easy and can be done at home. This helps keep your body in balance when the kidneys can’t perform this function. principles of dialysis dr saad alshohaib associate professor in medicine and nephrology kauh – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 7852a6-MmI0Z It takes approximately 10 minutes for 2000 ml to enter the cavity. The hemodialysis process involves blood passing through a dialyzer (an … Basics of Peritoneal Dialysis Dr. Vishal Golay 14-03-2012 Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Longer lasting residual kidney function. The process involves introducing dialysate into the peritoneum via a permanent indwelling catheter, and using the patient’s peritoneal membrane as a semi-permeable membrane between the peritoneal blood vessels [5] . Higher dwells can increase UF by larger amount of dextrose and also by increasing the area of the peritoneal membrane in contact, but it can increase absorption by increasing the hydrostatic pressure. View PRINCIPLES OF DIALYSIS.ppt from BIOLOGY MISC at Kenyatta University. Peritoneal dialysis is a commonly used form of renal replacement therapy worldwide, although less frequently utilized in the United States (around 10% of prevalent dialysis patients). www.m.travdata.id. And, in these countries, the percent of patients with end-sage renal disease maintained on CPD is less than nephrologists think is appropriate. DIALYSIS Definition-Process of removing products and excess fluids from the body Types Hemodialysis Peritoneal View msc 2yr -hemodialysis ppt.pptx from NURSING 406 at Miami University. We also suggest that re-evaluation of PD technique be conducted following the development of a peritonitis episode (2C). View Principles of Hemodialysis and Peritonial dialysis.pptx from MEDICINE 102 at Kenyatta University. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a type of dialysis which uses the peritoneum in a person's abdomen as the membrane through which fluid and dissolved substances are exchanged with the blood. Dialysis is the procedure used to correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances and to remove waste products in renal failure. Chapter 7 Principles of hemodialysis Historical background Thomas Graham, a London chemist, reported the principles of the semipermeable membrane in 1861 and gave the process of selective diffusion the name dialysis. The number of incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients using automated forms of PD, now estimated to be over 40%, has been increasing. Kluwer: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2001:281-296; Flessner MF. 20/03/2013 18 The Peritoneal Membrane Source : Gambro The Peritoneal Membrane the three-pore model water small solutes macro molecules capillary lumen interstitium Ultrasmall pores r < 3Å Small pores r 30- 50 Å Large pores r > 150 Å Rippe B et al. Introduction of dialysis Types Dialysis process Physiological principles Types of peritoneal dialysis Indications Complications Nursing care : before, during and after 2 3. principles regarding the transport of substances across membranes, and these prin-ciples were applied specifically to dialysis. Continuous ambulatory peri-toneal dialysis (CAPD) is a continuous treatment consisting of four to five 2-L dialysis exchanges per day (Fig. Basic principles of hemodialysis What dialysis can and cannot do Dialysis adequacy is the dialysis you receive good enough?. Kt/VKt/V is a number used to quantify hemodialysis andis a number used to quantify hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis treatment adequacy.peritoneal dialysis treatment adequacy. Dialysis: principles and treatment options. Removal of fluid from the patient due to the osmotic ‘drag’ of the hyperosmolar glucose . Correction of acidosis (by absorption and metabolism of lactate) 3. He attended patient education classes on the options for patients with ESRD and chose automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) on the basis that it would be the least disruptive of his domestic and professional life. Crystalloid osmotic pressure gradient=osmotic gradient X reflection coeff(0.03)X19.3. It is used to remove excess fluid, correct electrolyte problems, and remove toxins in those with kidney failure. Instillation of dialysis fluid containing glucose, lactate, and electrolytes into the peritoneal cavity allows: 1. principles, indications, procedures, equipment, complications of dialysis in children and neonates are same as in adults [4]. Peritoneal dialysis : principles, techniques, materials and quality control UCL March 23rd, 2013 Cliniques St Luc, Brussels CONTENT • General Principles of PD • The Peritoneal Membrane : Anatomy • Physiology of Peritoneal Dialysis : Diffusion, Convection, UF and PD prescription • Take home messages Principles of Transport If glucoseis absorbed into the blood, then less glucoseis available for osmotic pressurefor water removalin the peritoneal cavity! We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Dialysis is continuous, exchanges following one another, usually without interruption. Until recently, the prevalent rate of PD patients in the United States was declining, reaching a low of 6.9% in 2009. Deceased donor kidney transplantation-Recipient care. Peritoneal Dialysis. Alan Green Corresponding Author . Of arteries &veins in cavity, Very simple and effective technique...HD uses an artificial membrane...here natural membrane is used, Uremia-urea in the blood,,,disorientation,confusion,drowsiness,,slurred speech,,coma//seizure,,hypertension,,hypocalcemia,hyponatremia,hyperphosphatemia,hyperkalemia. Each peritoneal dialysis exchange has three phases: 1. The peritoneal membrane lines the highly vascularized abdominal viscera and acts as the semipermeable membrane. D/P of a solute is an easier way of representation diffusive clearance. fDialysis Types (cont..) Hemofiltration. | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view Solutes are removed from the blood across the peritoneum via diffusion and ultrafiltration. Peritoneal dialysis: In case of peritoneal dialysis, the lining of abdominal cavity along with dialysate is used to remove toxic substance from the body. | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view Continuous ambulatory peri-toneal dialysis (CAPD) is a continuous treatment consisting of four to five 2-L dialysis exchanges per day (Fig. Your doctor can help you decide which fits best with your life and schedule. Health care providers call this lining the peritoneum. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the major established form of renal replacement therapy that is performed primarily at home. You can change your ad preferences anytime. But when your kidneys are not working well, wastes and extra fluid can build up in your blood and make you sick. Of these, 5.2% were on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and 4% on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD). If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. It is used to remove excess fluid, correct electrolyte problems, and remove toxins in those with kidney failure. Principles of Hemodialysis and Peritoneal dialysis > Leonard McKenzie > 8 If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. No public clipboards found for this slide. Vt is the drained dialysate volume, t is the time, This is usually calculated after a 4-6 hours exchange. The objectives of hemodialysis are to extract toxic nitrogenous substances from the blood and to remove excess water. Throughout the history of dialysis, four bioethical principles — beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy and justice — have been weighted differently based upon changing forces of technologic innovation, resource limitation, and societal values. Since then, there has been a striking increase in PD use, with a prevalence rate of 9.7% in 2014. Basics of Peritoneal Dialysis Dr. Vishal Golay 14-03-2012. Approach to deceased donor transplantation, No public clipboards found for this slide. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. You may choose to do one or the other, or both. Since then, there has been a striking increase in PD use, with a prevalence rate of 9.7% in 2014. ... Peritoneal dialysis involves a series of exchanges or cycles which is repeated throughout the course of the dialysis which is based on the patient’s physical status and acuity of illness. LECTURER M.Sc .Nursing 1st year Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Market (2) - Global Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Market is expected to reach USD 115,783.6 million by 2025 from USD 68,922.9 million in 2017, at a CAGR of 6.8% in the forecast period 2018 to 2025. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a type of dialysis which uses the peritoneum in a person's abdomen as the membrane through which fluid and dissolved substances are exchanged with the blood. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Other factors such as metabolic alterations of dialysis can affect pharmacologic activity, and the clinical response is the end product of many determinants. Who r susceptible to these prob..experience fewer prob. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) involves using the peritoneum as the dialysis membrane, with pre-packaged fluid being instilled into the peritoneal space via a Tenckhoff catheter. The principles of peritoneal dialysis are based on the physiological processes and their driving forces which permit the exchange of water (by ultrafiltration and fluid absorption) and solutes (by diffusion and convective transport) between the peritoneal … The dialysis access is places in your belly and the peritoneal membrane of your body is used to filter the blood. Principles of Dialysis: Diffusion, Convection, and Dialysis Machines C hronic renal failure is the final common pathway of a number of kidney diseases. But, the evaluation, medical management, decision to initiate dialysis therapy, neonatal and dialysis nursing require expertise for the optimal care and successful provision of dialysis. Recently, there has been a decline in chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) utilization in several countries. How to choose between haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis when starting renal replacement therapy. 3 4. 3- or no renal replacement therapy leading to a certain death over time (an average of 10 to 90 days). The same processes are utilized in peritoneal dialysis except that dialysate is introduced into the peritoneal cavity where it comes into contact with capillaries perfusing the peritoneum and viscera. The process is easy and can be done at home. experienced peritoneal dialysis nurse with pediatric training, using a formalized teaching program with clear objectives and criteria and which incorporates adult learning principles (2C). Of Prevalent Hemodialysis And Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Meeting Clinical Care Guidelines PPT. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994:69-113; Blake PG, Daugirdas JT, Physiology of Peritoneal Dialysis. Peritoneal transport physiology: Insights from basic research. The choices for a patient who reaches the point where renal function is insufficient to sustain life are 1) chronic dialysis treatments (either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis), 2) renal transplantation, or 3) death. V from the Watson nomogram/DuBois formula. Dialysis - Wikipedia Peritoneal Dialysis Intracorporeal dialysis • • • • Heart as blood pump Peritoneum as dialyzer No machine techniques No anticoagulation Types PD CAPD- continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis APD-automated peritoneal dialysis uses an automated cycler. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) can be carried out through automated PD (APD) or continual ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). HD is usually performed in four-hour sessions, three times a week, in hospital-based dialysis units. It is repeated 4-5 times per day. The concentration gradient between the dialysis solution and the capillary blood drives diffusion. High transporter ² defined as a creatinine D/P greater than +1 SD from the mean, or aglucose D/Do of less than -1 SD from the meanLow transporter ² defined as a creatinine D/P of less than -1 SD from the mean or aglucose D/Do of greater than +1 SD from the meanAverage transporter ² defined as a creatinine D/P and a glucose D/Do of between +1 SDand -1 SD around the mean, 1. This allows you to have a more flexible diet than you could have on hemodialysis. In: Daugirdas JT, Blake PG, Ing TS, Handbook of Dialysis, 3rd ed. This video is available for instant Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Market (2) - Global Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Market is expected to reach USD 115,783.6 million by 2025 from USD 68,922.9 million in 2017, at a CAGR of 6.8% in the forecast period 2018 to 2025. Dialysis is a treatment that filters and purifies the blood using a machine. This cartoon describes the principle of PD. The choices for a patient who reaches the point where renal function is insufficient to sustain life are 1) chronic dialysis treatments (either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis), Peritoneal dialysis: In case of peritoneal dialysis, the lining of abdominal cavity along with dialysate is used to remove toxic substance from the body. CAPD is the most widely used form of peritoneal dialysis worldwide and relies on the longer dwell phase to make up for the lower frequency of exchanges. The provision of renal replacement therapy for patients with chronic kidney disease has been reasonably standardized for decades, with thrice-weekly hemodialysis being the standard. A few weeks before you start peritoneal dialysis, a surgeon places a soft tube, called a catheter, in your belly. Provision of futile interventions imposes costs and undermines efforts to provide necessary health care to all patients. Historical background. In PD the peritoneum serves as the dialysis membrane. It is repeated 4-5 times per day Dialysis Types(cont..) See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. 1.2 We suggest that retraining be provided to all caregivers periodically. Dialysis fluid is introduced to the peritoneal cavity through a catheter placed in the lower part of the abdomen. Infusion Dialysis fluid flows into the peritoneal cavity by gravity or with the help of a machine. Peritoneal Dialysis Diffusion is the principle mechanism by which peritoneal dialysis removes waste products and selected electrolytes (urea, creatinine, potassium, magnesium, etc.) Peritoneal dialysis is a treatment for kidney failure that uses the lining of your abdomen, or belly, to filter your blood inside your body. Dialysis requires a machine to cleanse the patient’s blood, either through the use of an artificial kidney or by filling the patient’s peritoneal cavity with dialysate through a catheter. Peritoneal dialysis is a relatively simple procedure and is carried out by patients in their own homes. During HD rapid fluid & electrolyte changes occur,,pts. Solutes diffuse from blood in the capillaries into the dialysate and are discarded. Peritoneal dialysis has better outcomes than hemodialysis during the first couple of …