The maximum reported size of the species … Occurs inshore and well offshore (Ref. (2015), this is the most oceanic of all hammerhead sharks, as well as the most temperature tolerant species. . Smooth Hammerhead Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus 1758). REGIONALLY CRITICALLY ENDANGERED The Smooth Hammerhead is caught globally as target and bycatch in coastal and pelagic commercial and small-scale longline, purse seine, and gillnet fisheries, and is often retained for the fins, and sometimes the meat. They grow to a maximum length of around six metres and are found in coastal areas and offshore in both temperate and tropical waters. In Australia, it is found from the Coral Sea (Queensland) south through New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and Western Australia, as far north as the Monte Bello Islands (Last and Stevens 2009). The largest specimen ever found was 5 meters long. There is little such information for the smooth hammerhead shark, Sphyrna zygaena. Sphyrna zygaena (L.) (Smooth Hammerhead) is a coastal-pelagic and semi-oceanic hammerhead shark that is distributed worldwide throughout temperate and tropical waters (Ebert et al. Smooth hammerhead sharks are taken as direct catch or incidental catch in domestic and artisanal fisheries, as well as industrial pelagic fisheries on the high seas. The smooth hammerhead is a species of hammerhead shark, and part of the family Sphyrnidae. This species is found worldwide in temperate waters. Individuals can grow to 500 cm. This species is reported to be migratory although no group migration has been recorded (Miller, 2016). The maximum reported size of the species is 4.20m but usually ranges between 2.5m to 3m. Sphyrna zygaena (Smooth Hammerhead) is a species of modern sharks in the family hammerhead sharks. Please enter your e-mail address and password below. This species is named "smooth hammerhead" because of the distinctive shape of the head, which is flattened and laterally extended into a hammer shape (called the "cephalofoil"), without an indentation in the middle of the front margin (hence "smooth"). The Greek word sphyrna translates into "hammer" in English, referring to the shape of this shark's head. Sphyrna zygaena is a large-bodied and highly mobile hammerhead shark with active and strong swimming capacities. All the oceanic shark and ray species, except for the Smooth Hammerhead, saw their populations decline over the past half century.. ... (IUCN… 2013).In the western North Atlantic Ocean, the hypothesized range is from Nova Scotia, Canada, to Florida and partly into the Caribbean Sea (Castro 2011, Compagno 1984). Great and smooth hammerheads have no protection under the EPBC Act and are not listed to date. Learn more, In Memoriam : Bradnee Chambers (1966-2019), Vacancies in the CMS FamilyVacancies in Other OrganizationsInformation about job openings, This site is maintained by the CMS Secretariat © 2020 | DisclaimerCMS Secretariat, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 1, 53113 Bonn, GermanyTel. Like all hammerhead sharks, the scalloped hammerhead is an active predator and gains several advantages from the shape of its head. 1 Smooth hammerhead sharks mate via … However, it is evident that a lack of species-specific data collection is hampering management for this species. (2012) found an at vessel mortality of 71% in longline fisheries, and post-release mortality would increase this number further. The longevity is uncertain but the species has been aged to at least 18 years for males and 21 years for females (Coelho et al., 2011). 244).Coastal, pelagic, and semi-oceanic, but often bottom associated at 1-139 m (Ref. Effective management for this species should therefore focus on avoiding unintended capture. However, these assessments were done in 2005 and 2007 respectively, which could mean that these species could have a more dire classification after re-evaluation. (2006a) estimated that 4–5% of all fins traded were from S. zygaena or S. lewini each year. Santos & Coelho (2018) recorded the longest migration ever documented for this species (> 6600 km) across hemispheres. In the western Indian Ocean, the smooth hammerhead occurs off the coasts of South Africa, India, and Sri Lanka. The widely spaced eyes, nostrils, and other senses allow the scalloped hammerhead to more successfully locate its prey near, or buried in, the sea floor. They are carnivores. It is found in temperate and tropical waters, and according to Clarke et al. However, the effects of these changes and their ultimate impact on populations of S. zygaena are currently unknown. Great Hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) The great hammerhead is the largest species in the family (Photo: WayneWorks Marine/Aggressor Fleet) True to its name, the great hammerhead is the largest of the hammerhead sharks. oceanic whitetip and scalloped hammerhead sharks are proposed for inclusion in CITES Appendix II. The smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) is a species of hammerhead shark, and part of the family Sphyrnidae. The majority of catches are from longline and gillnet fisheries, with sporadic catches reported in purse seine fisheries. Habitat degradation and pollution affect coastal ecosystems that juvenile S. zygaena sharks occupy during early life stages. The distribution within the Pacific Ocean includes from Vietnam to Japan a… Like many large-bodied shark species, S. zygaena is among the top predators in the marine food web (Cortés, 1999). In the summer, these sharks migrate towards the poles followin… IUCN 2021. Originally known as Zygaena lewini, its genus name was later changed to its current name. Photo by Nik Wilets. By contrast, the IUCN, an international body that assesses the conservation status of wildlife, assessed great and scalloped hammerheads as critically endangered and smooth hammerheads as vulnerable (3, 4). 8. In the western Atlantic Ocean, this species is found from Canada south to the Virgin Islands and from Brazil south to Argentina, while in the eastern Atlantic it occurs from the British Isles south to Côte d’Ivoire, including the Mediterranean Sea. smooth hammerhead sharks can be found from the British Isles to Guinea, including the Cape Verde Islands, and have also been observed in the Côte d'Ivoire and equatorial ... IUCN 2005) The smooth hammerhead shark is a coastal-pelagic and semi-oceanic species and . The smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) is listed by the IUCN on its Red List of Threatened Species as Vulnerable as its population worldwide may drastically decline unless efforts are put in place to secure its survival. Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global … The common name for this shark is Smooth hammerhead and the IUCN assessed it as Vulnerable (VU) on their Red List. Fast Facts: IUCN Report on Conservation Status of Open Ocean Sharks & Rays Species Snapshots Hammerhead sharks Sphyrna spp IUCN Red List status: • Scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini: Endangered Globally • Great hammerhead S. mokarran: Endangered Globally • Smooth hammerhead S. zygaena: Vulnerable Globally Fast Facts: The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) announced its Red List’s final update of 2019 on December 10th. The Smooth Hammerhead occurs across the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans in temperate and tropical waters (Compagno 1984). They’re usually about 3 meters long. This species is commonly known as the Great hammerhead listed as Critically Endangered (CR) on the IUCN Red List. Sphyrna zygaena is a large-bodied and highly mobile hammerhead shark with active and strong swimming capacities. Facts and Information about the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Wildlife. Tel. The smooth hammerhead is a large species of hammerhead shark, the second largest after the great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran). © International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. They are found in marine habitat. Unlike other hammerheads, this species prefers temperate waters and occurs worldwide at medium latitudes. collect. Reducing bycatch mortality for hammerhead sharks is hampered by the high mortality rates for these sharks after being caught in fishing gears. It is estimated that S. zygaena individuals reach sexual maturity at 9 years old (Cortés et al., 2015), and have a gestation period of 10-11 months. Estimating IUCN Red List population reduction: JARA—a decision‐support tool applied to pelagic sharks. It’s found in most of the… read more. It is viviparous, as such it gives birth to live young. This would account for an estimate of 49 000 and 90 000 tons of smooth hammerhead shark taken each year which would amount to between 1.3 and 2.7 million individual animals (Clarke et al. The species feeds on a large variety of teleosts (i.e. 58302).Migrates northward in summer; young often in large aggregations of hundreds of individuals (Ref. (+49 228) 815 2401, Fax. The Great Hammerhead Shark has been listed as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), because of fishing for its fins, which are made into shark fin soup, for its skin which is made into leather, and their liver oil for vitamins. Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Sharks. It is most common in waters of 16–22°C, but has also been reported in cooler waters of 13–19°C off South Africa (Diemer et al., 2011). The smooth hammerhead is a large species of hammerhead shark, the second largest after the great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran). Based on similarities in the appearance of their fins, dusky, sandbar, and great and smooth hammerhead sharks are proposed for inclusion along with the scalloped hammerhead. The smooth hammerhead shark is one of the larger hammerhead species, reaching average lengths of 8 to 11.5 feet (2.5 to 3.5 m) and a maximum length 16.4 feet (5 m) and weight of 880 pounds (400 kg). (+49 228) 815 2449, Contact, This site is maintained by the CMS Secretariat © 2020, CMS Secretariat, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 1, 53113 Bonn, Germany. Populations of the Great Hammerhead Shark have decreased by 50% because of fishing. Thus, the priority would be to gather more data on the species for improved conservation efforts. Measuring Recovery with the IUCN Green Status of Species. A relatively low rating for sharks, and especially for hammerheads. For this reason, and because the smooth hammerhead has a relatively fast breeding rate for sharks, this species is listed as only “vulnerable” in the IUCN Red List (International Conservation of Nature Association). bony fish), elasmobranchs, crustaceans and cephalopod species (Smale and Cliff, 1998; Cortés, 1999). ... IUCN … According to the IUCN on December 10th, two hammerhead shark species are now critically endangered. The smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) is listed by the IUCN on its Red List of Threatened Species as Vulnerable as its population worldwide may drastically decline unless efforts are put in place to secure its survival. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 13562).Prefers to feed on small sharks, skates and stingrays, but also preys … To save searches and access a historical view of information you have downloaded you are required to register for an account. Introduction. Sphyrna mokarran. The largest specimen ever found was 5 meters long. They are listed as vulnerable by IUCN and in cites appendix ii. A study by Coelho et al. There is also evidence of north-south movements, which may be seasonal migrations. The scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) is a species of hammerhead shark, and part of the family Sphyrnidae. overview; data; media; articles; maps; names Bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo) Bonnethead resting in the sand (Photo: IrinaK/Shutterstock) … (+49 228) 815 2401, Fax. We used fin-mounted satellite tags to examine the movements and habitat use of juvenile smooth hammerheads, a demographic segment particularly threatened by exploitation. This species is named "smooth hammerhead" because of the distinctive shape of the head, which is flattened and laterally extended into a hammer shape, without an indentation in the middle of the front margin. Version 2020-3. In an analysis of the trade through the Hong Kong fin market, Clarke et al. This website was made possible through generous support from: You must log in to access advanced IUCN Red List functionality. They’re usually about 3 meters long. Smooth hammerhead sharks have a smooth (no notches) head that is slight, and broadly arched. The smooth hammerhead is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List with a decreasing population trend, while the scalloped hammerhead is listed as Endangered. The smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) is listed by the IUCN on its Red List of Threatened Species as Vulnerable as its population worldwide may drastically decline unless efforts are put in place to secure its survival.Sphyrna zygaena is a large-bodied and highly mobile hammerhead shark with active and strong swimming capacities. 2006b). The meat quality is deemed low buts its high fins are of high value due to their large size and high fin-ray count (Rose, 1996). 5578), over continental and insular shelves (Ref. This study and previous ones have shown this species crosses international borders and carries out inshore and offshore migrations. Reproduction is iteroparous, viviparous, and dioecious. Sherley, R. B. et al. (+49 228) 815 2449.