Ionization Enthalpy of Group 1 and Group 2 Elements : The ionization enthalpy of the elements is the amount of energy that is required by an isolated gaseous atom for losing an electron in its ground state. Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, is the energy necessary to remove an electron from the neutral atom. Cadmium is a soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Caesium is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of 28.5 °C, which makes it one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. Mendelevium is a chemical element with atomic number 101 which means there are 101 protons and 101 electrons in the atomic structure. The name samarium is after the mineral samarskite from which it was isolated. 2 Answers. A colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, krypton occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps. Lanthanum is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes rapidly when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. Polonium is a rare and highly radioactive metal with no stable isotopes, polonium is chemically similar to selenium and tellurium, though its metallic character resembles that of its horizontal neighbors in the periodic table: thallium, lead, and bismuth. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow crystalline solid at room temperature. Highest to lowest. The first ionization energy of an element is the energy required by the atom for the formation of A+ ions. The chemical symbol for Plutonium is Pu. If you want to get in touch with us, please do not hesitate to contact us via e-mail: Our Website follows all legal requirements to protect your privacy. Atomic Number Chemical Symbol Element Name Ionization Energy … The chemical symbol for Gallium is Ga. Gallium has similarities to the other metals of the group, aluminium, indium, and thallium. Favorite Answer. Chemically, indium is similar to gallium and thallium. Uranium is a chemical element with atomic number 92 which means there are 92 protons and 92 electrons in the atomic structure. Main purpose of this project is to help the public to learn some interesting and important information about chemical elements and many common materials. Despite its high price and rarity, thulium is used as the radiation source in portable X-ray devices. element ionization energy indium (Choose one tin (Choose one) v germanium (Choose… It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas, the first in the noble gas group in the periodic table. Ans. Both units points to the same property and it is possible to convert one into the other and vice versa. Ar, Na, Al, P, Cl, Si, S, Mg. Answer Save. In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium: both elements exhibit only one normal oxidation state (+2), and the Zn2+ and Mg2+ ions are of similar size. 2) You may not distribute or commercially exploit the content, especially on another website. element ionization energy lead (Choose one) carbon (Choose one) thallium (Choose one) oxygen (Choose one) It is also sometimes considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals and is traditionally counted among the rare earth elements. SEE ALSO: Trump appointed a secretary of … The chemical symbol for Phosphorus is P. As an element, phosphorus exists in two major forms—white phosphorus and red phosphorus—but because it is highly reactive, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. Check out a sample Q&A here. Solution for Rank the following elements according to their ionization energy. Like all elements with atomic number over 100, lawrencium can only be produced in particle accelerators by bombarding lighter elements with charged particles. There are over 100 different borate minerals, but the most common are: borax, kernite, ulexite etc. Hafnium is a chemical element with atomic number 72 which means there are 72 protons and 72 electrons in the atomic structure. Thorium is commonly found in monazite sands (rare earth metals containing phosphate mineral). Discoverer: Corson, Dale R. and Mackenzie, K. R. The actinide or actinoid series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium. Nickel is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. It occurs on Earth as the decay product of various heavier elements. The chemical symbol for Indium is In. Iodine is the least abundant of the stable halogens, being the sixty-first most abundant element. Please report any accidental mistake in the above statistics on chemical elements. element ionization energy rubidium (Choose one) strontium (Choose one) ♥ cesium (Choose one) magnesium |(Choose one) ♥ fullscreen. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically, and only minute amounts are found in the Earth’s crust. Please note that the elements do not show their natural relation towards each other as in the Periodic system. The chemical symbol for Argon is Ar. Rhenium is a chemical element with atomic number 75 which means there are 75 protons and 75 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Chromium is Cr. The chemical symbol for Cobalt is Co. Cobalt is found in the Earth’s crust only in chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. Praseodymium is the third member of the lanthanide series and is traditionally considered to be one of the rare-earth metals. Gallium does not occur as a free element in nature, but as gallium(III) compounds in trace amounts in zinc ores and in bauxite. The chemical symbol for Nitrogen is N. Nitrogen is a colourless, odourless unreactive gas that forms about 78% of the earth’s atmosphere. element ionization energy beryllium (Choose one) v potassium (Choose one) ♥… Oxygen is a chemical element with atomic number 8 which means there are 8 protons and 8 electrons in the atomic structure. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in combination with sulfur and metals, but also as a pure elemental crystal. See Answer. The chemical symbol for Hydrogen is H. With a standard atomic weight of circa 1.008, hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table. The first molar ionization energy applies to the neutral atoms. Answer Save. Lv 5. Therefore, to order the elements according to their first ionization energy, it is necessary to go from the bottom left of the periodic table, where the lowest values are, across to the top right of the periodic table, where the highest values are. The chemical symbol for Silver is Ag. Ans. Chemistry, 21.06.2019 20:00. Zirconium is widely used as a cladding for nuclear reactor fuels. The elemental metal is rarely found in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer (passivation) stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation. Rank the following elements according to their ionization energy. Question: Arrange The Elements According To Their Tirst Ionizanon Energies. See also Molar ionization energies of the elements Natural boron consists primarily of two stable isotopes, 11B (80.1%) and 10B (19.9%). Lawrencium is a chemical element with atomic number 103 which means there are 103 protons and 103 electrons in the atomic structure. Question: Arrange The Elements According To Their Tirst Ionizanon Energies. Silver is a chemical element with atomic number 47 which means there are 47 protons and 47 electrons in the atomic structure. Helps to understand reactivity of elements (especially metals, which lose electrons). Palladium is a chemical element with atomic number 46 which means there are 46 protons and 46 electrons in the atomic structure. The automatic translation of the web page is provided by a common goal third party translator Instrument. This is because their metallic properties affect their ability to attract electrons as easily as the other elements. X + → X 2+ + e − 3rd ionization energy. Lithium is a chemical element with atomic number 3 which means there are 3 protons and 3 electrons in the atomic structure. Of course you can look up the values of the first ionization and rank them easily that way. (Highest to lowest) Br, K, Se, Ca, Kr, As, Ge, Ga? Nobelium is the tenth transuranic element and is the penultimate member of the actinide series. 1st ionization energy. The chemical symbol for Astatine is At. Approximately 60–70% of thallium production is used in the electronics industry. The chemical symbol for Actinium is Ac. The chemical symbol for Iridium is Ir. Arsenic is a metalloid. The chemical symbol for Cadmium is Cd. It is the fifth most abundant element in Earth’s crust and the third most abundant metal, after iron and aluminium. The chemical symbol for Polonium is Po. The chemical symbol for Carbon is C. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. The ionization energy decreases down a group because the distance separating the valence electrons from the nucleus increases. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, europium usually assumes the oxidation state +3. Group-15 elements have higher ionization potential than the group-16 elements and group-2 elements have higher than the group-3 elements in the periodic table. Highest Ionization Energy Lowest Ionization Energy Answer Bank ST Ga Fr Tin is a chemical element with atomic number 50 which means there are 50 protons and 50 electrons in the atomic structure. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. Lead is soft and malleable, and has a relatively low melting point. The chemical symbol for Gadolinium is Gd. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium. Ionization energy is minimal energy needed to detach the electron from the atom or molecule. It is even less abundant than the so-called rare earths. Like all elements with atomic number over 100, nobelium can only be produced in particle accelerators by bombarding lighter elements with charged particles. The first 5 ionisation energies for a period 3 element are shown below: Ionisation - Energy/kjmol-1 1st - 560 2nd - 1800 3rd - 14000 4th - 17000 5th - 21000 Using the data in the table above state which group you believe the element to be in and explain how you arrived at your answer. The ionization energies for removing successive electrons from sodium are 496 kJ/mol, 4562 kJ/mol, 6912 kJ/mol, and 9544 kJ/mol. element ionization energy selenium (Choose one) sulfur (Choose one) 1 (highest) germanium 2 chlorine 3 4 (lowest) Barium is the fifth element in group 2 and is a soft, silvery alkaline earth metal. The chemical symbol for Tin is Sn. Copper is a chemical element with atomic number 29 which means there are 29 protons and 29 electrons in the atomic structure. Comment; … Bismuth is a chemical element with atomic number 83 which means there are 83 protons and 83 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Sulfur is S. Sulfur is abundant, multivalent, and nonmetallic. The chemical symbol for Thulium is Tm. Naturally occurring potassium is composed of three isotopes, of which 40K is radioactive. Palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium form a group of elements referred to as the platinum group metals (PGMs). Fluorine Which element in group 7A, the Halogens, has the highest ionization energy? Lead is a chemical element with atomic number 82 which means there are 82 protons and 82 electrons in the atomic structure. Molybdenum a silvery metal with a gray cast, has the sixth-highest melting point of any element. B. li. Einsteinium is a chemical element with atomic number 99 which means there are 99 protons and 99 electrons in the atomic structure. ; In atomic physics ionization energy is usually given in electron volts per atom (eV), while kilojoule per mol (kJ/mol) is more common in chemistry. The chemical symbol for Nobelium is No. Caesium has physical and chemical properties similar to those of rubidium and potassium. Francium is a highly radioactive metal that decays into astatine, radium, and radon. and Gay-Lussac, L.-J. Hence, arranging them according to increasing ionization energy, we get: Li < B < Be < C < N < O < F < Ne. Rank the following elements according to their ionization energy. Ionization energy is the energy that an electron in a gaseous atom or ion has to absorb to come out of the influence of the nucleus and hence freely move away from the atom or … Generally, ionization energy is a … Check out a sample Q&A here. 8 years ago. Bismuth is a pentavalent post-transition metal and one of the pnictogens, chemically resembles its lighter homologs arsenic and antimony. Scandium is a silvery-white metallic d-block element, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare-earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanides. And the element which has the lowest ionization energy is Caesium in 3.8939 eV. The chemical symbol for Erbium is Er. Example \(\PageIndex{1}\): Highest Fourth Ionization Energy From their locations in the periodic table, predict which of these elements has the highest fourth ionization energy: B, C, or N. Given: three elements Asked for: element with highest fourth ionization energy The first ionization energy shows periodicity within a period (row). Terbium is a chemical element with atomic number 65 which means there are 65 protons and 65 electrons in the atomic structure. Moving left to right within a period, or upward within a group, the first ionization energy generally increases, with exceptions such as aluminium and sulfur in the table above. X + energy → X+ + e−. The great jump in ionization energy after the first electron is removed indicates that a. sodium has Discoverer: McMillan, Edwin M. and Abelson, Philip H. Discoverer: Glenn T. Seaborg, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edward M. McMillan, Arthur C. Wohl, Discoverer: Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso, Discoverer: Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso, Discoverer: Stanley G. Thompson, Glenn T. Seaborg, Kenneth Street, Jr., Albert Ghiorso, Discoverer: Stanley G. Thompson, Glenn T. Seaborg, Bernard G. Harvey, Gregory R. Choppin, Albert Ghiorso, Discoverer: Albert Ghiorso, Glenn T. Seaborg, Torbørn Sikkeland, John R. Walton, Discoverer: Albert Ghiorso, Torbjørn Sikkeland, Almon E. Larsh, Robert M. Latimer, Copyright 2021 Periodic Table | All Rights Reserved |. There you can find the metals, semi-conductor(s), non-metal(s), inert noble gas(ses), Halogens, Lanthanoides, Actinoids (rare earth elements) and transition metals. All of its isotopes are radioactive. Lutetium is the last element in the lanthanide series, and it is traditionally counted among the rare earths. pisgahchemist. Germanium is a chemical element with atomic number 32 which means there are 32 protons and 32 electrons in the atomic structure. Highest to lowest. The chemical symbol for Lanthanum is La. Americium is a transuranic member of the actinide series, in the periodic table located under the lanthanide element europium, and thus by analogy was named after the Americas. Under standard conditions, it is the lightest metal and the lightest solid element. Rhodium is a chemical element with atomic number 45 which means there are 45 protons and 45 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Francium is Fr. (Highest to lowest) Br, K, Se, Ca, Kr, As, Ge, Ga? The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal. Discoverer: Scientists at Dubna, Russia (1964)/Albert Ghiorso et. Titanium is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength. Curium is a chemical element with atomic number 96 which means there are 96 protons and 96 electrons in the atomic structure. check_circle Expert Answer. Dysprosium is a chemical element with atomic number 66 which means there are 66 protons and 66 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Thallium is Tl. Metals most easily lose their electrons because, they have a tendency to complete their octet. © 2019 material-properties.org / see also Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element and concludes three major decay chains of heavier elements. The chemical symbol for Beryllium is Be. Rank the following elements according to their ionization energy. Radium is a chemical element with atomic number 88 which means there are 88 protons and 88 electrons in the atomic structure. Its boiling point is the lowest among all the elements. Titanium can be used in surface condensers. The chemical symbol for Mendelevium is Md. Erbium is a chemical element with atomic number 68 which means there are 68 protons and 68 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Helium is He. al. F 54. Because of its high chemical reactivity, barium is never found in nature as a free element. Neodymium is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Lanthanoids comprise the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum through lutetium. An … For example, only 7.38 eV is required to remove the outermost electron from a lead atom, while 88,000 eV is required to remove the innermost electron. Relevance. It is the heaviest essential mineral nutrient. According to _____ periodic table, the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic weights nonmetals Most of the elements in groups 16 through 18 are classified as _____ The ionization energy associated with removal of the first electron is most commonly used. Silver is a soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. Rank Fundamentals Explained. asked by @nicolep148 • about 1 year ago • Chemistry → Periodic Trend: Ionization Energy The chemical symbol for Bismuth is Bi. rank these elements according to first ionization energy. Platinum is used in catalytic converters, laboratory equipment, electrical contacts and electrodes, platinum resistance thermometers, dentistry equipment, and jewelry. Whereas, if we move from top to bottom, the ionization energy decreases. Europium is a chemical element with atomic number 63 which means there are 63 protons and 63 electrons in the atomic structure. Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, is the energy necessary to remove an electron from the neutral atom. Rubidium is a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the alkali metal group, with an atomic mass of 85.4678. T F Sulfur (S) is one of the representative elements. Experts are waiting 24/7 to provide … The chemical symbol for Copper is Cu. It has remarkable resistance to corrosion, even at high temperatures, and is therefore considered a noble metal. Favourite answer. The chemical symbol for Fermium is Fm. The outer electron is removed more easily from these atoms than the general trend in their period would suggest. Explanation: In the periodic table, the ionization energy increases when we move across the period also decreases when we move down the group. Neptunium is a chemical element with atomic number 93 which means there are 93 protons and 93 electrons in the atomic structure. Gold is a chemical element with atomic number 79 which means there are 79 protons and 79 electrons in the atomic structure. Question: Arrange These Elements According To First Ionization Energy. Answers: 1 on a question: Rank the following elements according to their ionization energy. Ionization energy is defined as the amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron, the valence electron, of an isolated atom to form a cation. Yttrium is a chemical element with atomic number 39 which means there are 39 protons and 39 electrons in the atomic structure. Want to see the step-by-step answer? Gadolinium belongs to a rare earth elements (it is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table). See Answer. Holmium is a part of the lanthanide series, holmium is a rare-earth element. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table, because it has a single electron in its outer shell that it readily donates, creating a positively charged atom—the Na+ cation. element ionization energy cesium (Choose one) magnesium (Choose one) strontium (Choose one) beryllium (Choose one) ? The chemical symbol for Curium is Cm. Fermium is a member of the actinide series. The nth ionization energy refers to the amount of energy required to remove an electron from the species with a charge of (n-1). T 55. The chemical symbol for Protactinium is Pa. Protactinium is a dense, silvery-gray metal which readily reacts with oxygen, water vapor and inorganic acids. Rank these elements according to first ionization energy. Sodium is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. The chemical symbol for Thorium is Th. The first chemical element is Cesium and the last one is Helium. Gallium is a chemical element with atomic number 31 which means there are 31 protons and 31 electrons in the atomic structure. Argon is the third-most abundant gas in the Earth’s atmosphere, at 0.934% (9340 ppmv). Items (6 items) (Drag and drop into the appropriate area) No more items Items in order Highest The chemical symbol for Uranium is U. Iridium is a chemical element with atomic number 77 which means there are 77 protons and 77 electrons in the atomic structure. Hafnium is a lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in many zirconium minerals. Tungsten is an intrinsically brittle and hard material, making it difficult to work. Only about 5×10−8% of all matter in the universe is europium. Tantalum is a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant. Polonium is a chemical element with atomic number 84 which means there are 84 protons and 84 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Arsenic is As. Bismuth is a brittle metal with a silvery white color when freshly produced, but surface oxidation can give it a pink tinge. Actinium is a soft, silvery-white radioactive metal. The chemical symbol for Yttrium is Y. Yttrium is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a “rare-earth element”. Additionally, elements in the left corner have a low ionization energy … 1) You may use almost everything for non-commercial and educational use. = 900 kJ mol-1: B: 1s 2 2s 2 2p x 1: 1st I.E. Lv 7. Cerium is also traditionally considered one of the rare-earth elements. The electrons that circle the nucleus move in fairly well-defined orbits. Significant concentrations of boron occur on the Earth in compounds known as the borate minerals. Copper is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. 0. Titanium condenser tubes are usually the best technical choice, however titanium is very expensive material. Ionization energy is the energy needed to remove the most loosely attached electron from an atom. In fact their absorption cross-sections are the highest among all stable isotopes. Plutonium is a chemical element with atomic number 94 which means there are 94 protons and 94 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Hafnium is Hf. Answers (1) Bethanna 14 August, 00:10. In nuclear industry boron is commonly used as a neutron absorber due to the high neutron cross-section of isotope 10B. It is fairly soft and slowly tarnishes in air. The chemical symbol for Calcium is Ca. Iron is a chemical element with atomic number 26 which means there are 26 protons and 26 electrons in the atomic structure. It is occasionally found in native form as elemental crystals. The first alloy used on a large scale was bronze, made of tin and copper, from as early as 3000 BC. Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly reactive and flammable, and is stored in mineral oil. 1 Answer. Curium is a hard, dense, silvery metal with a relatively high melting point and boiling point for an actinide. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead, and slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. Commercially, thallium is produced as a byproduct from refining of heavy metal sulfide ores. Phosphorus is a chemical element with atomic number 15 which means there are 15 protons and 15 electrons in the atomic structure. Adam. The chemical symbol for Cerium is Ce. Tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur. Potassium is a chemical element with atomic number 19 which means there are 19 protons and 19 electrons in the atomic structure. Iron is a metal in the first transition series. Discoverer: Priestley, Joseph and Scheele, Carl Wilhelm, Discoverer: Ramsay, William and Travers, Morris, Discoverer: Ramsay, Sir William and Strutt, John (Lord Rayleigh), Discoverer: Del Rio, Andrés Manuel (1801) and Sefström, Nils Gabriel (1830), Discoverer: Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Paul-Émile, Discoverer: Ramsay, Sir William and Travers, Morris, Discoverer: Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm and Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert, Discoverer: Perrier, Carlo and Segrè, Emilio, Discoverer: Reich, Ferdinand and Richter, Hieronymus, Discoverer: Müller von Reichenstein, Franz Joseph, Discoverer: Ramsay, William and Travers, Morris William, Discoverer: Kirchhoff, Gustav and Bunsen, Robert. Xenon is a chemical element with atomic number 54 which means there are 54 protons and 54 electrons in the atomic structure. Platinum is one of the least reactive metals. All isotopes of radium are highly radioactive, with the most stable isotope being radium-226. Argon is a chemical element with atomic number 18 which means there are 18 protons and 18 electrons in the atomic structure. Neptunium metal is silvery and tarnishes when exposed to air. For example, a carbon atom, for example, requires the following ionization energy to remove the outermost electron. Ionization energy is is related with electronegativity and electron affinity. F. O. N. C. Be. The chemical symbol for Manganese is Mn. Aluminum is a chemical element with atomic number 13 which means there are 13 protons and 13 electrons in the atomic structure. Radon is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas. The chemical symbol for Platinum is Pt. Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with about two-thirds the density of air. The chemical symbol for Mercury is Hg. [Q.Solved] Arrange These Elements According To First Ionization Energy Adarsh Topno November 16, 2020 Students often get confused when they come across a question which asks them to arrange or rank elements according to the First Ionization Energy. Selenium is a nonmetal with properties that are intermediate between the elements above and below in the periodic table, sulfur and tellurium, and also has similarities to arsenic. Nickel is a chemical element with atomic number 28 which means there are 28 protons and 28 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Zirconium is Zr. Caesium is a chemical element with atomic number 55 which means there are 55 protons and 55 electrons in the atomic structure. All elements have a first ionisation energy - even atoms which don't form positive ions in test tubes. Thorium is moderately hard, malleable, and has a high melting point. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all isotopes of uranium are unstable, with half-lives varying between 159,200 years and 4.5 billion years. The chemical symbol for Neon is Ne. Liquid nitrogen (made by distilling liquid air) boils at 77.4 kelvins (−195.8°C) and is used as a coolant. As the most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive: almost all other elements, including some noble gases, form compounds with fluorine. Lv 7. The chemical symbol for Oxygen is O. Holmium is a relatively soft and malleable silvery-white metal. T F In Mendeleev's table, the elements were arranged according to their atomic numbers. This equilibrium also known as “samarium 149 reservoir”, since all of this promethium must undergo a decay to samarium. Ne F O N C Be B li Note:There is a general trend for ionization energy within a period of the periodic table. Bromine is a chemical element with atomic number 35 which means there are 35 protons and 35 electrons in the atomic structure. Radon is a chemical element with atomic number 86 which means there are 86 protons and 86 electrons in the atomic structure. Relevance. The Cookies Statement is part of our Privacy Policy. Ne, F, O, N, C, B, Be, Li? The chemical symbol for Magnesium is Mg. Magnesium is a shiny gray solid which bears a close physical resemblance to the other five elements in the second column (group 2, or alkaline earth metals) of the periodic table: all group 2 elements have the same electron configuration in the outer electron shell and a similar crystal structure.
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