Summarize the functions of vascular tissues. The club mosses, or phylum Lycopodiophyta, are the earliest group of seedless vascular plants. 8. Match. Bryophytes are non-vascular plants, whereas Pteridophytes and Spermatophytes are vascular plants. Flashcards. In seedless vascular plants, the sporophyte became the dominant phase of the lifecycle. These innovative structures allowed seed plants to reduce or eliminate their dependence on water for gamete fertilization and development of the embryo, and to conquer dry land. The first fossils that show the presence of vascular tissue date to the Silurian period, about 430 million years ago. Gravity. A review of the key differences between vascular and nonvascular plants. Gravity. 55 Questions | By Kvgold42 | Last updated: ... All tissues other than the epidermis and the vascular tissues; also called fundamental tissue system. Vascular Tissue: Xylem and Phloem. DrEvansLBWCC TEACHER. They grow submerged in ephemeral pools and freshwater. Fern fiddleheads. Although some species survive in dry environments, most ferns are restricted to moist and shaded places. About 12,000 species of ferns live in environments ranging from tropics to temperate forests. (credit a: modification of work … Millie_Smith77. Test. seedless vascular plants reproduce by spores. Croziers, or fiddleheads, are the tips of fern fronds. What are homosporous seedless vascular plants? The plants in Division Pteridophyta are seedless. Cooksonia, shown in Figure 8, is a typical early vascular plant. Devonian period (395-345 mya) and carboniferous period involved coal age plants that dominated which involved ferns, horsetails and club mosses. Question: SUMMARY OF THE STRUCTURES COMMON TO SEEDLESs VASCULAR PLANTs PLANT STRUCTURE SPOROPHYTE OR GAMETOPHYTE FUNCTION Prothallium Game Tomme Sporophyte Pinna SPomo PNyte Spore SPorophlte Frond Annulus Spoto Phyto Sporangium The Antheht Divn Is The Rale Sex. Spell. They are small and simple plants. Phylum Lycopodiophyta: Club Mosses Modern-day seedless tracheophytes include club mosses, horsetails, ferns, and whisk ferns. The period is named Carboniferous because it was characterized by swamps filled with tree ferns and other seedless vascular plants that subsequently became the coal that is mined today. The first fossils that show the presence of vascular tissue date to the Silurian period, about 430 million years ago. It was less than 15 cm tall, with stems that dichotomously branched. This step in reproduction explains why ferns and their relatives are more abundant in damp environments. the dominant in the seedless vascular plants, the dependent in the seedless vascular plants, one branch is more dominant than the other, rhyniophyta has ____ ______, some showing variation in form, rhyniophyta are all from the mid-_______, lower ______ ages, oldest and best known vascular plant from deposits in Wales from the mid silurian, is the smallest, and simplest vascular plant known, slender, leafless, dichotomously branched, cooksonia is _______, and has terminal sporangia globose, dichotomous branching, smooth stem or has multicellular spines, zosterophyllophyta has _____ sporangia, some aggregated into spikes, with ______ dissected stem and _____ dissected rhizome system, lateral reinforce sporangia grouped together at _____ end of branches, trimerophytophyta is _________, but has a tendency to form a main _____ and some dominant _____ systems, trimerophytophyta has a sporangia terminal but is aggregated in definite ________ _________, lateral branches had trifurcate branching patterns, trimerophytes are considered to be probable ancestors of _____ and _______________, in the trimerophytes, lateral branches were arranged ________, _________, or in rows of two, three, or four around a main stem, in trimerophytes, _______ was massive with bordered ____ resembling those found in ferns and progymnosperms, in Lycophytes, ________ is lateral, reniform, dehiscence transverse, lycophytes have small ________ leaves with _______ vascular strand, have simple and primitive vascular system, the microphylls vascular supply consists of a ______ strand, the leaf trace which diverges from the periphery of the stele (vascular cylinder), microphylls are not associated with a corresponding _____ ____, often larger in size than microphyll, but differs in morphological and anatomical organization, are parenchymatous areas that form gaps in the vascular cylinder of stem, many attained a height of >30 to 35m and at least 1-2m in diameter at the base, well preserved material of Lepidodendrales common in coal beds of ____ _____ and central _____ _____, trunks unbranched for 10-20m, terminating in umbrella like shoot system, consist of three families - Lycopodiaceae, Selaginellaceae, Isoetaceae, homosporous, gametophyte bisexual with sperm and egg, worldwide in distribution, ca 400 species, terrestrial to epiphytic, many species of Lycopodium are ____ and restricted to _____ _________, can be erect shrubby plants, trailing or creeping, some Lycopodium form "____ ______" in undisturbed areas, in lycopodium, weaker branch system generally becomes determinate and ends in ________, lycopodium have ______ stems with small _________ (2-35mm), each supplied with single _____ ______, helical phyllotaxy, but can be opposite, whorled or variable within different regions of same plant, in lycopodium most species reproduce __________, in lycopodium, terminal cone-like strobili bear ___________, in lycopodium, ________ in sporangia results in production of many _______, all of which are morphologically alike, Lycopodium spores have been used as ______ _________ and for coating ___________ _____, in lycopodium high percentage of _____ in the spores prevents them from sticking together, in lycopodium each spore germinates into a small ____________ that may grow underground or on the surface of soil, represented by ca 700 species, widely distributed but abundant in the tropics, some species of Selaginella found in _____ or __________ climates, Selaginella species are _________, cushiony plants that grow on ______ soil surface, S. lepidophylla of _____ and _______ can withstand prolonged drought during which it appears dried and curls up into a ball, in S. lepidophylla, when moisture is available, it ________ and becomes ________________, ________________ develops within each microspore before the spore is shed, when microspore reaches soil surface, development is completed and ____ gametes are released, Megaspore forms _________ gametophyte within megaspore wall, after _____________, a small embryo develops within the megagametophyte, young sporophyte remains attached to gametophyte for a period before becoming totally _____________. STUDY. Match. Hence, nonvascular plants are not as strong as vascular plants. Xylem is the tissue responsible for the storage and long-distance transport of water and nutrients, as well as the transfer of water-soluble growth factors from the organs of synthesis to the target organs. They dominated the landscape of the Carboniferous, growing into tall trees and forming large swamp forests. exosporic. 7. Significance of Heterosporous Condition in Selaginella: small size of microspores and development of entire male gametophyte within microspores eliminates adverse environmental conditions faced by free living ______ gametophytes, large size of megaspores ensures sufficient supply of stored ______ for early stages of sporophyte development, __________ evolved as early as the Devonian period, economically unimportant but eaten by animals for starch and oil found in plant body, occurs worldwide with ca 100 species occurring in lakes, ponds, rivers, swamps and ephemeral pools, Isoetes: short, erect axis - _____; usually two lobed, isoetes is ____________ branched, roots present along grooves, isoetes has upper part of axis covered with dense cluster of _______ with overlapping bases, ______ shaped leaves of Isoetes give it a superficial resemblance to some aquatic sedges, _____ gametes of Isoetes are multiflagellate, pantropical and subtropical in distribution - found in Japan, Bermuda, and Hawaii, psilotum have basal branched ________ system and slender upright _____ aerial dichotomous branches with small appendages and synangia, the three lobed sporangium of Psilotum is interpreted as a _________, a complex of three distinct sporangia, each sporangial unit has a vascularized ______, 30 species, widespread but abundant in the tropics, in botrychium: plant axis short, stocky subterranean _______, in botrychium: one frond matures per _____ in temperate climate species, in botrychium: frond has noncircinate _________, in botrychium: fleshy frond with __________ pinnate lamina and _______ segment, most species terrestrial, some tropical species epiphytic, ophioglossum plant body similar to ___________, vegetative lamina of most species simple and entire (lobed in epiphytic species), ancient group with fossil records extending to Upper Carboniferous, Marattiales: tropical order with _ genera and ___ living species, largest group of non-seed producing vascular plants represented by about 11000 species, Polypodiales originated in the __________ period, most ferns are _____ plants, few are medium sized trees that reach up to 12m and produce leaves (fronds) up to 4m, many ferns are _________ but a large number grow on shady, moist tree trunks as ___________, some ferns are relatively small and float in water, conspicuous part of most ferns is the ______, leaves arranged _______ on a small rhizome or stem, usually ________ but sometimes branched or erect, ferns leaves are generally ____________; about __% have simple leaves, a compound frond has a stalk that continues as a ______ and bears leaflets known as _______, each pinna may have smaller lobes known as __________, young fronds, commonly called "_____________", "monkey tails" or "croziers" show a typical incurving known as __________ __________, fronds persist one or more years in ________ ferns but are replaced every spring in temperate ferns, fern leaf is a ________ since it has complex venation pattern and a leaf gap associated with every leaf trace system, in ferns sporangia are borne on leaves called ___________ or fertile leaves, most ferns are homosporous except a small group which are heterosporous, black spots on abaxial surface of frond (collection of sporangia), some fern species have sori that are protected by an outgrowth from leaf surface, Arrangement of sori can be __________, in ____ or more rows, ___________, or near the ______, in some ferns like Botrychium, sporangia are present in fertile structures called _____________, sorus may be covered with a thin protective covering i.e. In disturbed or new environments. Seedless vascular plants include clubmosses and ferns.Figure below shows a typical fern life cycle. Psilotales(psilotum and imesipteris) and ferns (ficales), What are horsetails (pteridophyta and order equisitales), They are the 2nd major evolutionary line of pteridophyta, they grow up to 18m tall, they are fern living gametophytes, equisetum may be the oldest living gametophyte, and they are homosporous with strobilus on top of plant. Seedless plants can be vascular, meaning they retain water in the tissue of the plant, or they can be nonvascular. Additionally the sporophylls and sporangia are compressed in a shoot like structure called a strobilus. Silurian period(430-395 mya) 1st simple, seedless vascular plants. They often are called the amphibians of the plant world for although their sporophytes are well‐adapted to life on dry land, their gametophytes require a moist habitat to grow vegetatively and to reproduce sexually. Fern leaves are called: Fronds. All these plants exhibit alternation of generation, i.e. Plants that lack vascular tissue, which is formed of specialized cells for the transport of water and nutrients, are referred to as non-vascular plants. Seedless vascular plants went on to dominate the land through the Carboniferous period, about 300 million years ago. What are two types of wisk ferns and ferns? Seedless vascular plants still depend on water during fertilization, as the sperm must swim on a layer of moisture to reach the egg. https://quizlet.com/70815409/seedless-vascular-plants-flash-cards Seedless Vascular Plants . Study Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants Lab flashcards from Marty Marsee's South College (TN) class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. heterospory. megagametophyte-have the archegonia-develop endosporic. Created by. https://quizlet.com/135129969/seedless-vascular-plants-flash-cards The undersides of the leaves are dotted with clusters of sporangia. Furthermore, they reside in the habitats that have enough moisture. At that time, they grew to heights of 15 meters or more. Flashcards. Ferns, horsetails (also called Indian puzzle plant) and club mosses are types of seedless vascular plants in that they have a root system and leaves that can hold water. Much of the fossil fuels we use today came from the remains of ancient (vascular, nonvascular) plants . Learn faster with spaced repetition. With their large fronds, ferns are the most readily recognizable seedless vascular plants (Figure 14.16). The lower vascular plants include plants like ferns that although are adapted to survive on land still have some characteristics of their aquatic ancestry.
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